Continuous chips removed by single point diamond turning of single crystal silicon have been investigated by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy/Transmission Electron Microscopy and micro-Raman Spectroscopy. Three different chip structures were probed with the use of electron diffraction pattern: (i) totally amorphous lamellar structure, (ii) amorphous structure with remnant crystalline material and, (iii) partially amorphous together with amorphous with remnant crystalline material. Furthermore, micro-Raman spectroscopy from the chips left in the cutting tool rake face showed different silicon phases. We have found, from a detailed analysis of the debris, five different structural phases of silicon in the same debris. It is proposed that material removal mechanisms may change along the cutting edge from shearing (yielding lamellar structures) to extrusion. Shearing results from structural changes related to phase transformation induced by pressure and shear deformation. Extrusion, yielding crystalline structures in the chips, may be attributed to a pressure drop (due to an increase in the contact area) from the tool tip towards the region of the cutting edge where brittle-to-ductile transition occurs. From this region upwards, pressure(stress) would be insufficient to trigger phase transformation and therefore amorphous phase would not form integrally along the chip width.

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de vidros de triborato de lítio (LBO) do sistema (1-x)|3B2O3.Li2O| (x)Nb2O5 yPr3+ zYb3+ wNd3+ com 0 £ x £ 20 mol% (y, z e w em mol%). Foram feitos estudos por espectroscopia Raman, absorção no infravermelho e análise térmica diferencial. Amostras de LBO dopadas com Pr3+ e com Pr3+/Yb3+ mostram um aumento nas temperaturas de transição vítrea e de cristalização e uma diminuição na temperatura de fusão associada ao aumento da concentração de praseodímio ma matriz de LBO. Foi observada uma diminuição na temperatura de transição vítrea nas amostras de LBO dopadas com Nd3+ e nas de (LBO+Nb2O5) dopadas com Pr3+/Yb3+.O aumento no teor de dopagem de terras raras leva a um aumento na diferença das temperaturas de transição vítrea e de cristalização. A análise de espectroscopia na região do infravermelho possibilitou identificar todos os modos associados à estrutura B-O. O octaedro NbO6 foi também identificado por espectroscopia de infravermelho nas amostras com x=5, 10, 15 e 20 mol% e y=0,05, z=1,1 mol%. Os resultados de espectroscopia Raman mostram a presença de anéis boroxol, e coordenação tetraédrica e triangular para o boro. Para as amostras contendo nióbio, os espectros Raman mostram o modo vibracional associado com a ligação Nb-O no octaedro de nióbio (NbO6).

This paper presents the study on lithium triborate glass (LBO) in the system (1-x)|3B2O3.Li2O| (x)Nb2O5 yPr3+ zYb3+ wNd3+ with 0 £ x £ 20 mol% (y, z and w in mol%). The samples were studied by Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption and differential thermal analysis. Pr3+-doped LBO and Pr3+/Yb3+-doped LBO samples show an increase of the glass transition and crystallization temperatures and a decrease of the fusion temperature associated with the increase of the praseodymium concentration in the LBO matrix. For the Nd3+-doped LBO and Pr3+/Yb3+-doped (LBO+Nb2O5) samples, a decrease of the glass transition temperature of the samples was observed. The increase of the rare earth doping leads to an increase of the difference between the glass transition and the crystallization temperatures. From infrared analysis it was possible to identify all the modes associated to the B-O structure. The NbO6 octahedra was also identified by IR spectroscopy for samples with x=5, 10, 15 and 20 mol% and y=0.05, z=1.1 mol%. Raman spectroscopy shows the presence of boroxol rings, tetrahedral and triangular coordination for boron. For samples containing niobium, the Raman spectra show the vibrational mode associated with the Nb-O bond in the niobium octahedra (NbO6).